Fermented Active Ingredients
In biotechnology, fermentation refers to the deliberate (intentional), enzymatic or microbial conversion of organic substances. This is done either by adding enzymes (ferments) or by adding fungal, bacterial or other biological cell cultures. These targeted, natural microorganisms are in fact readily capable of forming valuable nutrients that are either impossible or very difficult to produce by chemical means. The process can take place with or without oxygen supply (aerobic or anaerobic). We encounter fermentation in many ways in our everyday lives; fermented foods and active ingredients can be found on the market.
Fermentation – A versatile process in cooking, medicine, and industry
Fermentation plays an important role in food production, especially in Asia. Classic examples are pickled radish and Chinese cabbage (“kimchi”) and the popular Japanese rice wine, sake.
Fermented foods are also widely used in this country, such as traditional sauerkraut or the popular soy sauce. In addition to their exceptional taste, fermented foods also offer health benefits. During the fermentation process, vitamins, antioxidants, and natural amino acids are produced, which are extremely important for the body and health. Fermented ingredients support detoxification of the body and promote healthy digestion. In addition, ingredients such as vitamins and minerals become particularly bioavailable by fermentation, which means they can be better absorbed by the body.
Raw tobacco, tea leaves and important medical substances such as insulin and antibiotics are also produced by fermentation. In the industrial sector, fermentation is indispensable, for example in the fermentation of biomass for biogas production.
Originally, fermentation was used to preserve vegetables and fruit. Only later was it recognized that important nutrients are also produced in the process, which can have a positive influence on health and the immune system.
Fermented active ingredients and cosmetics: more than just a trend
Asian cosmetics manufacturers discovered that fermented active ingredients from plants are good for our skin. They created fermented skin care and cosmetic products for the first time. Preservatives are not used in this process because they would kill the microbes that are so important for fermentation. Instead, harmful bacteria that can cause acne and skin blemishes, for example, and negatively affect the shelf life of the products, are separated from the natural ingredients. By separating these bacteria, cosmetic products that adhere to fermented ingredients have an unusually long shelf life. But this is only one of many advantages. After all, fermented active ingredients have special capabilities. In order to obtain the highest possible concentration of natural ingredients and to ensure an even more intensive effect, more and more healing herbs, nuts, fruits and rose petals are therefore now being mixed with special cultures and fermented. Fermented active ingredients for beauty care are ultimately much more than just a fad or a passing trend.
These fermented active ingredients are ideally suited for the production of your cosmetics. Together with Cosmacon you will develop your product, so that it will certainly be a successful start to building your own brand.
How do fermented active ingredients affect our skin?
Fermented active ingredients in cosmetic products are particularly suitable for people with dry skin, because the acids they contain make them ideal moisturizers. Valuable amino acids (for example glycine) tighten and revitalize the skin at the first signs of aging. Among other things, the substance glycine is able to stimulate the natural cell renewal of the skin and promote collagen production. At the same time, glycine is an extremely valuable antioxidant that protects the skin from harmful UV rays and reduces dangerous free radicals. Skin care products containing fermented ingredients can even help with dark skin spots and excessive pigmentation by lightening not only the spots, but the overall skin tone.
Polyglutamic acid, which is produced during the production of fermented soybeans, and fermented yeast extract are also two very effective fermentative agents. They accelerate cell renewal, increase cell growth and thus support natural skin generation. So, in principle, fermented active ingredients are a very innovative anti-aging formula that increases the energy level of the skin and helps with the cellular repair process. The complexion becomes wonderfully smooth and supple.
One study has already shown that fermented soy extract has much better antioxidant properties than the unfermented variety. And fermented red ginseng also demonstrated a significantly higher anti-aging effect in the test than the unfermented substance. This impressively demonstrates the high benefit that fermented active ingredients possess.
Fermented active ingredients vs. conventional substances
Hyaluronic acid, a major moisture-binding and anti-aging active ingredient, is nowadays also mostly produced by fermentation. On the one hand, this makes it somewhat more expensive than animal hyaluronic acid, but on the other hand, it is also characterized by a special purity. In the past, hyaluronic acid was often produced from rooster combs. This caused a certain disgust among many people, and the allergy risk was also relatively high due to the animal proteins it contained. In addition, it could never be completely ruled out that pathogens could be transmitted to humans. And another very important aspect: hyaluronic acid, which is produced biotechnologically by fermentation, has a marked increase in molecular weight, which means that it has many more positive properties than the animal variant.
Fermented active ingredients such as hyaluronic acid are therefore the more sensible alternative from several points of view.
The manufacturing process for fermented active ingredients is quickly explained: special extracellular proteins from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are fermented with the help of Streptococcus zooepidemicus bacteria. Hyaluronic acid is then filtered out.
Important fermented active ingredients at a glance:
Buckwheat Ferment Extract
INCI: Aqua, Butylene Glycol, Aspergillus/Buckwheat Ferment Extract
Properties: an antioxidant and anti-aging agent
DS-Kefir Ferment Extract
INCI: Lactobacillus / Soy Ferment Extract, Butylene Glycol, Hexanediol, Aqua
Use: transparent liquid, ideal for hair and skin conditioning applications.
Fermented Yeast Extract
INCI: Saccharomyces Ferment Filtrate
Features: rich in minerals, amino acids and vitamins
Properties: to improve skin structure, to make skin more supple, protective against damage from UV rays, bleaching effect for pigment spots
LactoPro
INCI: Lactobacillus/Milk Solids/Soybean Oil Ferment, Cyclodextrin
Properties: skin-macronutrient complex, moisturizing and vitalizing
Use: creams, lotions, ointments, hair conditioners
SC-Glucan
INCI: Schizophyllum Commune Mycelium Ferment Filtrate Extract
Properties: promotes the synthesis of collagen, improves skin elasticity, anti-inflammatory, alleviates UV-induced skin damage
Pullulan
INCI: Pullulan
Properties: a natural polysaccharide produced by fermentation from starch. Of 100 percent plant origin, film-forming,
Use: for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications
Red Ginseng Ferment Oil
INCI: Pseudozyma Epicola, Apricot Kernel Oil, Olive Fruit Oil, Sunflower Seed Oil, Sweet Almond Oil, Panax Ginseng Root Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate
Properties: Nourishing, improves skin feel, absorbs quickly and is not greasy.
Use: for skin and sun care
Antarcticine
INCI: Aqua, Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract
Properties: a glycoprotein exopolymer from biofermentation, protects against redness and dryness caused by cold, reduces wrinkle depth, improves skin regeneration
Seadermium(TM)
INCI: Glycerin, Water, Bacillus Ferment
Properties: especially suitable for mature skin, helps smooth wrinkles. Moisturizes the skin and stimulates collagen formation.
We are also happy to work with these fermentative active ingredients:
Trade Name | Company | INCI | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Buckwheat Ferment Extract | Radiant | Aqua, Butylene Glycol, Aspergillus/Buckwheat Ferment Extract | |
DS-Kefir Ferment Filtrate | Doosan Corporation | Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract, Butylene Glycol, Hexanediol, Aqua | |
Leucidal Liquid PT | Active Micro Technologies LLC | Lactobacillus Ferment | gutes Konservierungsmittel |
ANTARCTICINE marine ingredient SA | Lipotec | Aqua, Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract | |
Bioyouth Brice | Bloomage Freda Biopharm | Saccharomyces/Rice Ferment Filtrate | |
Leucidal Liquid SF | Active Micro Technologies LLC | Lactobacillus Ferment | gutes Konservierungsmittel |
MYFerm | The Garden of Naturalsolution Co | Undaria Pinnatifida Extract, Lactobacillus Ferment | |
EXO-T | Lucas Meyer Cosmetics | Butylene Glycol, Vibrio Alginolyticus Ferment Filtrate | |
Lanacityn PF | Lucas Meyer Cosmetics | Alteromonas Ferment Extract, Chrysanthellum Indicum Extract | |
SpecPed ACP | Spec-Chem Industry Inc | Bacillus Ferment, Water, Propylene Glycol | |
Pauseile | LipoTrue | Glycerin, Water, Bacillus Ferment | |
EXO-H | Lucas Meyer Cosmetics | Butylene Glycol, Alteromonas Ferment Filtrate | |
Seadermium | LipoTrue | Glycerin, Water, Bacillus Ferment | |
Sirtalice | LipoTrue | Glycerin, Water, Bacillus Ferment | |
WORESANA Concentrate | LipoTrue | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
Metabiotics Resveratrol ECT GEO | Lonza | Pichia/Resveratrol Ferment Extract | |
Fermented Yeast Filtrate | DKSH | Saccharomyces Ferment Filtrate | |
WORESANA Serum | NCD Ingredients GmbH | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
Metabiotics Resveratrol | Lonza | Pichia/Resveratrol Ferment Extract | |
Repair Complex CLR PF | CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter GmbH | Bifida Ferment Lysate | |
Biopeptide Mn (Manganese) | Macrocare Tech Co., Ltd. | Saccharomyces/Manganese Ferment | |
Sooth-BA Brightening & Even Skin Tone | Onlystar Bio-Technology Co. | Bifida Ferment Lysate | |
MATMARINE blue ingredient | Lipotec S.A.U. | Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract | |
Arborcide OC | Active Micro Technologies LLC | Leuconostoc Ferment Filtrate | |
Biopeptide Ca (Calcium) | Macrocare Tech Co | Saccharomyces/Calcium Ferment | |
Årctalis | LipoTrue, S.L. | Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract | |
Sopholiance S | Givaudan Active Beauty | Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, Water | |
Yogurtene | Givaudan Active Beauty | Maltodextrin, Lactobacillus/Streptococcus Thermophilus/Soybean Extract Ferment | |
ANTARCTICINE marine ingredient C | Lipotec S.A.U. | Aqua, Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract, Caprylyl Glycol | |
Lactolift | Onlystar Bio-Technology Co | Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate | |
WORESANA Conc.PN | NCD Ingredients GmbH | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
WORESANA Fluid | NCD Ingredients GmbH | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
ProBioBalance CLR NP | CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter GmbH | Aqua, Lactose, Milk Protein, Bifida Ferment Lysate | |
LactoPro CLP | Lonza | Lactobacillus/Milk Solids/Soybean Oil Ferment, Cyclodextrin | |
WORESANA Concentrate K 712 | NCD Ingredients GmbH | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
WORESANA Serum H5 | NCD Ingredients GmbH | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
WORESANA serum K712 | NCD Ingredients GmbH | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment | |
RiFerm | The Garden of Naturalsolution Co. | Saccharomyces/Rice Ferment Filtrate | |
Abyssine 657 | Lucas Meyer Cosmetics | Alteromonas Ferment Extract | |
Biopeptide Zn (Zinc) | Macrocare Tech Co | Saccharomyces/Zinc Ferment | |
Biopeptide Cu (Copper) | Macrocare Tech Co | Saccharomyces/Copper Ferment | |
Desertica | LABIO. Co | Scenedesmus Deserticola Ferment Extract | |
ProRenew Complex CLR NP | CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter GmbH | Lactococcus Ferment Lysate | |
Abyssine 657 PF | Lucas Meyer Cosmetics | Alteromonas Ferment Extract | ohne Konservierungsstoffe |
Resverad | Radiant | Aqua, Butylene Glycol, Saccharomyces/Caragana Sinica Root Ferment Extract | |
Leucidal Liquid | Active Micro Technologies LLC | Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate | gutes Konservierungsmittel |
FLORANT-FG | Radiant | Aqua, Butylene Glycol, Saccharomyces/Panax Ginseng Flower Ferment Extract | |
Beauty Plus One-F | The Garden of Naturalsolution Co | Lactobacillus/Punica Granatum Fruit Ferment Extract | |
SEACODE marine ingredient | Lipotec S.A.U | Aqua, Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract, Salicylic Acid, Citric Acid, Sodium Salicylate | |
B9-Vitapol | LABIO | Water, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Bacillus/Folic Acid/Soybean Ferment Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate | |
VB9-Plus | LABIO | Water, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Bacillus/Folic Acid/Soybean Ferment Extract, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, Sodium Hyaluronate | |
LUMICEASE blue ingredient | Lipotec | Glycerin, Water, Hydrolyzed Pea Protein, Glucose, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Succinate | |
SC-Glucan | Onlystar Bio-Technology Co | Schizophyllum Commune Mycelium Ferment Filtrate Extract | |
Fermentoil Meadowfoam Seed | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Meadowfoam Seed Oil Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Olive | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Olive Fruit Oil/Soybean Flour Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Macadamia Seed | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Macadamia Seed Oil Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
CELLACTIVE SHAPE | Rahn AG | Aqua, Alcohol Denat., Caffeine, Coleus Forskohlii Root Extract, Chlorella Vulgaris/Lupinus Albus Protein Ferment, Citric Acid | |
CELLACTIVE- WHITE | Rahn AG | Aqua, Alcohol Denat., Niacinamide, Zinc PCA, Chlorella Vulgaris/Lupinus Albus Protein Ferment, Nasturtium Officinale Flower/Leaf Extract | |
Fermentoil Complex | Labio | Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Angelica Gigas Root Extract, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Root Extract, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil | |
Ceramide3B DPS (0.5%) | Labio | Water, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Pseudozyma Epicola/Olive Fruit Oil/Soybean Flour Ferment Filtrate, Mannosylerythritol Lipid, Ceteareth-20, Ceramide 3 (Retired), PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Polysorbate 20, Cetearyl Alcohol, Propanediol | |
BIO-Placenta | Labio | Water, Lecithin, Acetyl Glutamine, sh-Oligopeptide-1, sh-Oligopeptide-2, sh-Polypeptide-1, sh-Polypeptide-9, sh-Polypeptide-11, Bacillus/Folic Acid/Soybean Ferment Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate, Caprylyl Glycol, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol | |
Fermentoil Shiunko | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/(Angelica Gigas/Lithospermum Erythrorhizon) Root Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Argan | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Green Tea Seed | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Camellia Senensis Seed Oil/Yeast Extract Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Safflower seedSunflower Seed | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Safflower SeedSunflower Seed Oil Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Sunflower Seed | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Sunflower Seed Oil Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Camellia seed | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Camellia Japonica Seed Oil Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Angelica | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/ Angelica Gigas Root Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Artemisia | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Artemisia Princeps Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Red ginseng | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Panax Ginseng Root Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Glycyrrhiza | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Licorice Root Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Leonurus | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/ Saururus Chinensis Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Saurunus | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/ Angelica Gigas/Lithopermus Erythrorhizon Root Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil Shiunko | Labio | Pseudozyma Epicola/Apricot Kernel Oil/Olive Fruit Oil/Sunflower Seed Oil/Sweet Almond Oil/ Leonurus Sibiricus Extract Ferment Extract Filtrate | |
Fermentoil complex | Labio | Candida bombicola/Glucose/ Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, Olea Europea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Helianthus Annuus (sunflower) Seed Oil, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Angelica Gigas Root Extract, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Root Extract, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Licorice) Root Extract | |
White Snow Gel | Radiant | Thamnolia Vermicularis Leaf Extract | |
Ferment Chaga Extract | Radiant | Sparassis Crispa Extract | |
Fermented Soybean Milk Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Soymilk Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermented Cordyceps Sinensis Extract | Radiant | Cordyceps Sinensis Extract,Saccharomyces Ferment | |
Fermented Red ginseng Extract | Radiant | Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Saccharomyces Ferment | |
Fermented Red ginseng Filtrate | Radiant | Panax Ginseng Root Water, Saccharomyces Ferment | |
Fermented Rice bran Extract | Radiant | Saccharomyces/Rice Bran Ferment | |
Fermented Soybean Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract | |
Fermented Yeast Filtrate | Radiant | Saccharomyces ferment filtrate | |
Fermented Coix Filtrate | Radiant | Saccharomyces/Coix Lacryma-Jobi Ma-yuen Seed Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermented Barley Seed Filtrate | Radiant | Saccharomyces/Barley Seed Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermented Potato Filtrate | Radiant | Saccharomyces /Potato Extract FermentExtract | |
Fermented Grape Filtrate | Radiant | Saccharomyces /Grape Ferment Extract | |
Bifida Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Bifida Ferment Filtrate | |
Bifida Ferment Extract | Radiant | Bifida Ferment Extract | |
Acerola Cherry Ferment filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Acerola Cherry Ferment | |
Soybean Ferment Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract | |
Soybean Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Soybean Extract Ferment Filtrate | |
Rice Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Rice Ferment | |
Soymilk Ferment Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Soymilk Ferment Filtrate | |
Hyacinth Ferment Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Water Hyacinth Ferment | |
Rye Flour Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment Filtrate | |
Pear Juice Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Pear Juice Ferment Filtrate | |
Hibiscus Flower Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Ferment Filtrate | |
Pumkin Ferment Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Pumkin Ferment Extract | |
Milk Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Milk Ferment Filtrate | |
Ginseng Root Ferment Filtrate | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Ginseng Root Ferment Filtrate | |
Wasabia Ferment Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Wasabia Japonica Root Ferment Extract | |
Pomegranate Ferment Extract | Radiant | Lactobacillus/Punica Granatum Fruit Ferment Extract | |
Senas | SK Bioland | Water/Butylene Glycol/Aspergillus Ferment | |
Algae Extract | Labio | Scenedesmus Deserticola Ferment Extract | |
Fermented Black Rice Extract (S) | SK Bioland | Water, Lactobacillus/Rice Ferment Filtrate, Butylene Glycol,Caprylyl Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol | |
Fermented Green Tea Extract | SK Bioland | Aspergillus/Camellia Sinensis Leaf Ferment Extract Filtrate,Butylene Glycol | |
Fermented Honey/Rice Bran Extract | SK Bioland | Water, Butylene Glycol, Bacillus/Rice Bran/Honey Ferment | |
Fermented Kelp Complex | SK Bioland | Lactobacillus/Kelp Ferment Filtrate, Butylene Glycol | |
Fermented Marine Collagen (N) | SK Bioland | Lactobacillus/Collagen Ferment Filtrate, Butylene Glycol | |
Fermented Prunus Mume Fruit Extract | SK Bioland | Lactobacillus/Aspergillus/Prunus Mume Fruit Ferment Filtrate | |
Fermented Red Ginseng Water | SK Bioland | Lactobacillus/Panax Ginseng Root Extract Ferment Filtrate,Butylene Glycol | |
Fermented Willow Complex | SK Bioland | Aspergillus Ferment Salix Alba (Willow) Leaf Extract, SalixAlba (Willow) Bark Extract, Butylene Glycol | |
Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Extract (PF) | SK Bioland | Water, Saccharomyces/Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit FermentFiltrate, Butylene Glycol, Caprylyl Glycol | |
Honey Ferment Filtrate (HD) | SK Bioland | Saccharomyces Ferment Honey Extract, 1,2-Hexanediol | |
Leuconostoc Ferment Filtrate | SK Bioland | Leuconostoc Ferment Filtrate, 1,2-Hexanediol | |
Oriental Fermented Complex | SK Bioland | Water, Butylene Glycol, Lactobacillus/Artemisia Princeps LeafExtract/Honeysuckle Flowerextract/Paeonia Albiflora RootExtract/Phellodendron Amurense Bark Extract Ferment Filtrate | |
Prunus Mume Ferment Extract | SK Bioland | Water, Butylene Glycol, Lactobacillus/Prunus MumeFruit/Leaf/Root Extract Ferment Filtrate | |
White Fermented Vinegar (V) | SK Bioland | Acetobacter/Saccharomyces/Apple Fruit Extract |
Cosmacon develops forward-looking formulations for you
Recently, cosmetics manufacturers from Korea and Japan have increasingly focused on fermented active ingredients. They have used the term “Korean Beauty” to create a radiance that stands for a flawless complexion and a special glow. In view of new findings, however, this topic is likely to lead to a rethink in the cosmetics industry in Europe as well in the coming months and years. The importance of fermented active ingredients will undoubtedly increase. We can already develop customized solutions for your specific requirements. Do not hesitate to contact us. We will be happy to inform you about the advantages of fermented active ingredients!
Sources:
Biological and Cosmetical Importance of Fermented Raw Materials: An Overview.; Molecules. 2022 Jul 28;27(15):4845.
Fermenting Red Ginseng Enhances Its Safety and Efficacy as a Novel Skin Care Anti-Aging Ingredient: In Vitro and Animal Study; Hyun-Sun Lee at al; J Med Food 15 (11) 2012, 1015–1023
Assessment of Cosmetic and Dermatological Properties and Safety of Use of Model Skin Tonics with Kombucha-Fermented Red Berry Extracts.; Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 24;23(23):14675