Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), l-ascorbic acid

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is also known under the name vitamin C. In the human body it is involved in very many processes and is therefore essential for life. Fruits and vegetables are the main suppliers, especially acerola berries, citrus fruits, parsley, peppers, kiwis, rose hips, broccoli, and cress. But also in potatoes, black currants, sauerkraut, Brussels sprouts, and peas is abundant vitamin C. A person must regularly supply the body with a sufficient amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), as it cannot be stored in the organism. For a healthy adult, a daily amount of 100 milligrams is recommended, children need a slightly lower amount (60 to 80 milligrams per day), and smokers, pregnant and lactating women have a higher requirement. Certain groups of people also generally require a larger amount of ascorbic acid. These include athletes and people who are exposed to severe mental or physical stress.

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was first isolated in 1927, but as early as the 18th century, the British navy supplemented the food supply at sea with lemon juice because it was discovered that citrus fruits could prevent the onset of scurvy.

Ascorbic acid promotes the vital absorption of iron in the intestines and plays an important role in the formation of teeth, gums, connective tissue. and bones. It is also involved in various metabolic processes in the body.

 

Ascorbic acid: a deficiency often has serious consequences

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) belongs to the so-called water-soluble vitamins, so an overdose is usually excreted in the urine. Side effects are only to be expected if very large quantities of food supplements containing vitamin C are taken. In the long run, this overtaxes the excretory organs. Abdominal cramps, nausea and diarrhea may occur. People who have kidney problems or gout must even expect kidney stones as a result of an overdose.

However, an undersupply of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can be much more dangerous. Symptoms of a deficiency include increased susceptibility to infection, loose teeth, joint and limb pain, poor wound healing, weakness and fatigue due to a general reduction in performance, and depression. In the worst case, it even leads to chronic lung damage, since the free radicals get out of hand and this results in a lasting disturbance of the oxygen exchange. The best-known deficiency symptom, however, is the already mentioned scurvy. The former seafarer’s disease is very rare today, however, in former times it led in most cases to death.

 

L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in skin care

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) plays an enormously important role not only in nutrition, but also in cosmetics. It has a triple effect against the dreaded skin aging. On the one hand, the vitamin can lighten unwanted pigment spots, on the other hand, it scavenges free radicals and has an antioxidant effect. In addition, it ultimately supports the formation of collagen. In a stronger concentration, the vitamin is also used keratolytically, which means that it then acts like a peeling. Manufacturers of high-quality cosmetic products have long since recognized the benefits of ascorbic acid. Many active ingredient-concentrates already contain up to 20 percent ascorbic acid, effectively improving the skin’s own collagen production and protecting the skin from harmful environmental and oxidative damage. By using such products, the complexion appears much clearer and fresher. Meanwhile, the vitamin can be found in very many areas of cosmetics. Whether day or night care, self-tanner, anti-age product or concentrated additional care for particularly stressed skin, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with its numerous positive properties is an optimal ingredient for sophisticated care products.

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is involved in the differentiation of skin cells. It stimulates the fibroblasts, the hydroxylation of the proline in the protein strands of the collagen molecule and stimulates the connective tissue metabolism. With this stimulation, mRNA expression of enzymes that produce collagen is promoted. In addition, collagen degradation is inhibited (by increasing collagenase inhibitor proteins). The degree of differentiation of ceramides also increases under vitamin C influence.

It is often combined with special other active ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and aloe vera. We also like to use vitamin C in combination with tocopherols (vitamin E). In this combination, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can regenerate the depleted tocopherol and a longer antioxidant protection time is thus possible.

 

Fact Sheet Vitamin C

Alternative names: L-Ascorbic acid, antiscorbutic vitamin (obsolete), 3-oxo-L-gulonic acid-γ-lactone.

CAS number: 50-81-7

Nature: odorless, crystalline, white powder

Melting point: 190 to 192 degrees Celsius

Solubility: highly soluble in water

Molecular Formula: C6H8O6

Physiological function: antioxidant effect, radical scavenger, coenzyme for prolyl-4-hydroxylase

 

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in cosmetic formulations

Meanwhile, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the most important vitamins for healthy skin function. It contributes to the formation and maintenance of connective tissue function and is tremendously important for wound healing. In the long term, connective tissue even becomes brittle if the body is not sufficiently supplied with the vitamin.

In principle, fat-soluble vitamins penetrate the skin better, since water-soluble vitamins are immediately transported away. Today, however, vitamin C is incorporated into cosmetic products in such a way that it can nevertheless develop its effect optimally. This is ensured, for example, by other substances that protect the vitamin. Airtight aluminum tubes also help to ensure that the vitamin retains its effectiveness.

The concentration of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in high-quality cosmetic products should be at least two percent. Users need hardly expect side effects; in rare cases, a strong concentration can cause mild skin irritation.

We use an effective ascorbic acid ester (otherwise vitamin C quickly degrades in aqueous preparations and the entire formulation becomes yellowish-brownish) and in two-phase products also pure ascorbic acid. There is also the possibility of using dehydro-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is then converted to ascorbic acid in the body.

 

We like to work with this raw material containing vitamin C:

Trade NameCompany NameINCI Comment
Ascorbic AcidCOSROMAAscorbic Acid
Ascorbic AcidAlpha EnvironmentalAscorbic Acid
Ethyl Ascorbic AcidGfn-Selco3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Ethyl Ascorbic AcidNIPPON FINE CHEMICAL CO., LTD.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid COSROMA3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Ethyl Ascorbic AcidVital-Chem Zhuhai Co.,Ltd.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Quali C - Ascorbic AcidDSM Personal CareAscorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid 2-GlucosideVital-Chem Zhuhai Co.,Ltd.Ascorbyl Glucoside
3-O-Ethyl ascorbic acidHubei Artec Biotechnology Co., Ltd.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Brillian-MB268: Ethyl Ascorbic AcidBeijing Brilliance Bio3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Quali C - Ascorbic Acid Fine PowderDSM Personal CareAscorbic Acid
3-O-ETHYL-L-ASCORBIC ACIDKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
SpecWhite VCE Spec-Chem Industry Inc3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
SpecWhite VCSpec-Chem Industry IncAscorbic Acid
Sodium Ascorbyl PhosphateGfn-SelcoSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
EAAHangzhou Rebtech Novel Material Co., Ltd.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
AC-VCESOHO ANECO Chemicals Co., Limited3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Gwhite VCEShanghai JAKA(GREAF) Biotech Co., Ltd.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid, Water
Golden CInfinitecWater, Sorbitol, Xanthan Gum, Ascorbic Acid, Colloidal Gold
Ascorbyl IsostearateGfn-SelcoAscorbyl Isostearate
SpecWhite AI Spec-Chem Industry IncAscorbyl Isostearate
Et-VCCorum Inc.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
PromaCare EAAUniproma3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
PromaCare MAPUnipromaMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Amitose 2GASEIWA KASEI CO., LTD.Glyceryl Ascorbate
L-HexuronMcKinley Resources Incorporated3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
IP-VCCorum Inc.Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate
Only VCEOnlystar Bio-Technology Co., Ltd3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
SAPHangzhou Rebtech Novel Material Co., Ltd.Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
iVIT ETHYL CKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
VitaCE 990Chemland Co., Ltd.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
MAPHangzhou Rebtech Novel Material Co., Ltd.Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
LUCEMINESOLLICE BIOTECH3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
SinoWhite EASUNFINE GLOBAL Co., Ltd.3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
EcoCare MAPEcochem Specialities Ltd.Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Ascorbyl GlucosideHubei Artec Biotechnology Co., Ltd.Ascorbyl Glucoside
Natpure Xfine Beetroot BR312SENSIENT BEAUTYBeta Vulgaris (Beet) Root Extract, Citric Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Maltodextrin
Ascorbyl GlucosideGfn-SelcoAscorbyl Glucoside
Natori Vita Complex HD (C)EcooriBiotin, Panthenol, Thiamine HCl, Cyanocobalamin, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine, Folic Acid, Menadione, Bioflavonoids, Ascorbic Acid, Tocopheryl Acetate, Glutathione, 1,2-Hexanediol, Water
Sodium AscorbateCOSROMASodium Ascorbate
Tyrostat 11Lucas Meyer CosmeticsWater, Glycerin, Rumex Occidentalis Extract, Ascorbic Acid
Amitose MGASEIWA KASEI CO., LTD.Myristyl 3-Glyceryl Ascorbate, Butylene Glycol
Flora-LeenMinasolveCistus Ladaniferus Leaf/Stem Extract, Water, Pentylene Glycol, Ascorbic Acid
AHA Concentrate BCrodaromWater, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Malic Acid, Gluconic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Tartaric Acid
Oxynex L-CV LiquidMerck KGaAAlcohol, Tocopherol, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid
VitaCFL MAPJiangsu High Hope International Group Sunshine Chemical CorporationMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
MYRAMAZERahn AGPropanediol, Water (Aqua), Myrothamnus Flabellifolia Leaf/Stem Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid
EM Powder (300)Kewpie Corp. JapanEgg Shell Membrane Powder
Amitose HGASEIWA KASEI CO., LTD.Hexyl 3-Glyceryl Ascorbate, Glycerin, Water
PromaCare AGSUnipromaAscorbyl Glucoside
Dragon Fruit Herbasol Extract PG, unpreserved, system 3Lipoid Kosmetik AGPropylene Glycol, Water, Sorbitol, Hylocereus Undatus Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid
VitaCFLSAPJiangsu High Hope International Group Sunshine Chemical CorporationSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Magnesium Ascorbyl PhosphateSandream SpecialtiesMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Amitose 3LGASEIWA KASEI CO., LTD.3-Laurylglyceryl Ascorbate, Butylene Glycol
Cosphaderm AP RSPO/MBCosphatec GmbHAscorbyl Palmitate
PromaCare VCP (USP33)UnipromaAscorbyl Palmitate
SAP-HexuronMcKinley Resources IncorporatedSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
T-HexuronMcKinley Resources IncorporatedTetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
ILLUMISCINRahn AGGlycerin, Water (Aqua), Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract, Ascorbyl Glucoside, Zinc PCA, Ascorbic Acid
Green Tea LC Herbasol Extract PG, Unpreserved, System 3Lipoid Kosmetik AGPropylene Glycol, Water, Sorbitol, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Citric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Ascorbic Acid
Anti Wrinkles ComplexGreentechAqua, Propylene Glycol, Cupressus Sempervirens Seed Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Niacin, Tocopherol, Ascorbic Acid
Neosome OL EAAKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Dipropylene Glycol, 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
SpecWhite APSpec-Chem Industry IncAscorbyl Palmitate
Bicowhite ComplexBicosome SLAqua, Lecithin, Lysolecithin, Lactobacillus Ferment, Niacinamide, 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid, Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate, Bisabolol, Phytic Acid
Amitose 3GASEIWA KASEI CO., LTD.3-Glyceryl Ascorbate, Glycerin, Water
RAYOLYS DGreentechAqua, Propylene Glycol, Prunus Persica (Peach) Leaf Extract, Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract, Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid
AA2GNAGASE & CO., LTD.Ascorbyl Glucoside
Amitose DGASEIWA KASEI CO., LTD.Bis-Glyceryl Ascorbate, Glycerin, Water
PROTEOLEARahn AGGlycerin, Water (Aqua), Fructan, Decyl Glucoside, Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract, Phenethyl Alcohol, Ziziphus Jujuba Seed Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid
Ascorbyl GlucosideCOSROMAAscorbyl Glucoside
Ascorbyl PalmitateCOSROMAAscorbyl Palmitate
Sharon Biomix Free IISharon Laboratories LtdPhenylpropanol, Glycerin, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extract, Citrus Sinensis (Orange) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Aqua
Sharon Biomix Free CSharon Laboratories LtdCaprylyl Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Glycerin, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Sinensis Peel Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid
Sharon Biomix Free ISharon Laboratories LtdPhenethyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extract, Citrus Sinensis (Orange) Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Aqua
Sharon Biomix Pure IISharon Laboratories LtdPhenethyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extract, Citrus Sinensis (Orange) Peel Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Aqua
Sharon Biomix Pure ISharon Laboratories LtdBenzyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extract, Citrus Sinensis (Orange) Peel Extract, Tocopherol, Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Aqua
VcOSSOHO ANECO Chemicals Co., LimitedAscorbyl Tetraisopalmitate, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
PromaCare TABUnipromaTetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
SpecWhite ATPSpec-Chem Industry IncAscorbyl Tetraisopalmitate
Gwhite VC-IPShanghai JAKA(GREAF) Biotech Co., Ltd.Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate
VitaSynol C – Stable Lipophilic Vitamin C EsterSytheonTetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
iVIT C TIPKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate
SpecWhite SAP (Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate)Spec-Chem Industry IncSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Sodium Ascorbyl PhosphateCOSROMASodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
iVIT AAPKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate
AC-SAPSOHO ANECO Chemicals Co., LimitedSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Sodium Ascorbyl PhosphateVital-Chem Zhuhai Co.,Ltd.Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Brillian-MB300: Sodium Ascorbyl PhosphateBeijing Brilliance BioSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
STAY-C 50DSM Personal CareSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
VitagenMacrocare Tech Co., Ltd.Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate
iVit Glucoside CKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)Ascorbyl Glucoside
iVit SAPKimiKa, LLC (Formerly Cosphatech)Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Sodium Ascorbyl PhosphateAlpha EnvironmentalSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
PromaCare SAPUnipromaSodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Ascorbyl PMTri-K Industries, Inc.Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
OLI-2198 Magnesium Ascorbyl PhosphateShanghai Oli Enterprises Co.,LtdMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
AC-MAPSOHO ANECO Chemicals Co., LimitedMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Magnesium Ascorbyl PhosphateGfn-SelcoMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Magnesium Ascorbyl PhosphateCOSROMAMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
ROVISOME ACE NGEvonik – Personal CareGlycerin, Water, Lecithin, Tocopheryl Acetate, Retinyl Palmitate
LPD’s Lightening (PF)InfinitecAqua, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Lecithin, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Xanthan Gum
CarriVect 3: Nutritive Powdered LiposomesNanoVecPhospholipids, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Retinyl Palmitate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Carrivect 2: Antioxidant Powdered Liposomes (with Resveratrol)NanoVecPhospholipids, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Resveratrol
LIP-91: Multivitamin LiposomesNanoVecWater, Phospholipids, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Retinyl Palmitate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Cholecalciferol, Benzoic Acid
BeauPlex VHDSM Personal CareNiacinamide, Calcium Pantothenate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Pyridoxine HCl, Maltodextrin, Sodium Starch Octenylsuccinate, Silica
CarriVect 7: Antioxidant Powdered Liposomes with BiotinNanoVecPhospholipids, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Resveratrol, Biotin
LPD’s Multivitamin (PF-WP)InfinitecAqua, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Lecithin, Tocopheryl Acetate, Glyceryl Linoleate, Glyceryl Linolenate, Retinyl Palmitate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Xanthan Gum
CarriVect 5: Revitalizing Powdered LiposomesNanoVecPhospholipids, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Ubiquinone
Vitamin C Oil BlendBotanic InnovationsVaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil, Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

 

Conclusion: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a real all-rounder

Not only the inside of our body, but also the skin is in urgent need of vitamin C. It protects against dangerous free radicals and has an antioxidant effect. No wonder it is increasingly included in high-quality cosmetics: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is very well tolerated, has almost only benefits, but virtually no side effects. Cosmacon will be happy to develop appropriate formulations with vitamin C and its derivatives for you according to your wishes.

 

 

Sources:

Vitamin C: One compound, several uses. Advances for delivery, efficiency and stability.; Caritá AC, Fonseca-Santos B, Shultz JD, Michniak-Kohn B, Chorilli M, Leonardi GR.Nanomedicine. 2020 Feb;24:102117. 

Anti-aging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A split-face, randomized controlled trial.; Rattanawiwatpong P, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Bumrungpert A, Maiprasert M.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020 Mar;19(3):671-676.

Advances in dermatology using DNA aptamer „Aptamin C“ innovation: Oxidative stress prevention and effect maximization of vitamin C through antioxidation.; Choi S, Han J, Kim JH, Kim AR, Kim SH, Lee W, Yoon MY, Kim G, Kim YS.J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020 Apr;19(4):970-976.

The Anti-Ageing and Whitening Potential of a Cosmetic Serum Containing 3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic Acid.; Zerbinati N, Sommatis S, Maccario C, Di Francesco S, Capillo MC, Rauso R, Herrera M, Bencini PL, Guida S, Mocchi R.Life (Basel). 2021 Apr 29;11(5):406.

Effectiveness of a formulation containing peptides and vitamin C in treating signs of facial ageing: three clinical studies;. Escobar S, Valois A, Nielsen M, Closs B, Kerob D.; Int J Cosmet Sci. 2021 Apr;43(2):131-135